VAT bridging loans explained
A VAT bridging loan is short-term finance that pays the VAT charged on a property purchase. When a sale is standard-rated, for example because the seller has exercised the option to tax or the property is a new or converted building, 20% VAT is added to the purchase price at completion. Rather than fund that VAT from your own capital, a VAT bridge covers it and is repaid from the HMRC VAT refund.
Why VAT is charged on a property purchase
Commercial property is often exempt from VAT, but a seller can choose to charge it by exercising the option to tax. New commercial buildings and many conversion, new-build and mixed-use schemes are standard-rated too. Where VAT applies, it is 20% of the purchase price, payable on completion, and it can be a large amount of cash to find at short notice. A VAT bridging loan closes that gap.
How the loan is repaid
The exit is the HMRC VAT refund. Once you are VAT registered and the purchase appears on your VAT return, HMRC repays the VAT, usually within one to three months of completion. That refund clears the bridge, so you only carry interest for the weeks the funding is drawn. Because the amount is defined and the exit is a known refund, VAT bridging finance is fast and competitively priced against other short-term property bridging loans.
Commercial and residential purchases
Most VAT bridges fund commercial property, but VAT also arises on residential deals such as commercial-to-residential conversions, new-build developments and mixed-use schemes. In those cases a residential or conversion VAT bridge works the same way: fund the VAT at completion, reclaim it from HMRC, repay the loan. Where a tenanted commercial property is sold as a transfer of a going concern, no VAT is due and no bridge is needed. Always confirm the VAT treatment with your solicitor and accountant.
The process and the cost
The process is quick because the numbers are known. We confirm the purchase price, the VAT position and the exit, then place the case with the VAT bridging lenders whose criteria fit. Cost is a monthly interest rate on the VAT funding, usually rolled up and cleared from the refund, plus an arrangement fee. Some borrowers use a VAT bridge alongside a purchase or refinance facility, so the main lender funds the property and the bridge funds only the VAT.